Struct nom::lib::std::boxed::Box

#[lang = "owned_box"]
pub struct Box<T>(_)
 where
    T: ?Sized;

A pointer type for heap allocation.

See the module-level documentation for more.

Methods

impl<T> Box<T>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

pub fn new(x: T) -> Box<T>

Allocates memory on the heap and then places x into it.

This doesn't actually allocate if T is zero-sized.

Examples

let five = Box::new(5);

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

pub fn new_uninit() -> Box<MaybeUninit<T>>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_uninit)

Constructs a new box with uninitialized contents.

Examples

#![feature(new_uninit)]

let mut five = Box::<u32>::new_uninit();

let five = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    five.as_mut_ptr().write(5);

    five.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*five, 5)

pub fn pin(x: T) -> Pin<Box<T>>

Constructs a new Pin<Box<T>>. If T does not implement Unpin, then x will be pinned in memory and unable to be moved.

impl<T> Box<[T]>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

pub fn new_uninit_slice(len: usize) -> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>]>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_uninit)

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents.

Examples

#![feature(new_uninit)]

let mut values = Box::<[u32]>::new_uninit_slice(3);

let values = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    values[0].as_mut_ptr().write(1);
    values[1].as_mut_ptr().write(2);
    values[2].as_mut_ptr().write(3);

    values.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*values, [1, 2, 3])

impl<T> Box<MaybeUninit<T>>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

pub unsafe fn assume_init(self) -> Box<T>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_uninit)

Converts to Box<T>.

Safety

As with MaybeUninit::assume_init, it is up to the caller to guarantee that the value really is in an initialized state. Calling this when the content is not yet fully initialized causes immediate undefined behavior.

Examples

#![feature(new_uninit)]

let mut five = Box::<u32>::new_uninit();

let five: Box<u32> = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    five.as_mut_ptr().write(5);

    five.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*five, 5)

impl<T> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>]>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

pub unsafe fn assume_init(self) -> Box<[T]>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_uninit)

Converts to Box<[T]>.

Safety

As with MaybeUninit::assume_init, it is up to the caller to guarantee that the values really are in an initialized state. Calling this when the content is not yet fully initialized causes immediate undefined behavior.

Examples

#![feature(new_uninit)]

let mut values = Box::<[u32]>::new_uninit_slice(3);

let values = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    values[0].as_mut_ptr().write(1);
    values[1].as_mut_ptr().write(2);
    values[2].as_mut_ptr().write(3);

    values.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*values, [1, 2, 3])

impl<T> Box<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

pub unsafe fn from_raw(raw: *mut T) -> Box<T>

Constructs a box from a raw pointer.

After calling this function, the raw pointer is owned by the resulting Box. Specifically, the Box destructor will call the destructor of T and free the allocated memory. For this to be safe, the memory must have been allocated in accordance with the memory layout used by Box .

Safety

This function is unsafe because improper use may lead to memory problems. For example, a double-free may occur if the function is called twice on the same raw pointer.

Examples

Recreate a Box which was previously converted to a raw pointer using Box::into_raw:

let x = Box::new(5);
let ptr = Box::into_raw(x);
let x = unsafe { Box::from_raw(ptr) };

Manually create a Box from scratch by using the global allocator:

use std::alloc::{alloc, Layout};

unsafe {
    let ptr = alloc(Layout::new::<i32>()) as *mut i32;
    *ptr = 5;
    let x = Box::from_raw(ptr);
}

pub fn into_raw(b: Box<T>) -> *mut T

Consumes the Box, returning a wrapped raw pointer.

The pointer will be properly aligned and non-null.

After calling this function, the caller is responsible for the memory previously managed by the Box. In particular, the caller should properly destroy T and release the memory, taking into account the memory layout used by Box. The easiest way to do this is to convert the raw pointer back into a Box with the Box::from_raw function, allowing the Box destructor to perform the cleanup.

Note: this is an associated function, which means that you have to call it as Box::into_raw(b) instead of b.into_raw(). This is so that there is no conflict with a method on the inner type.

Examples

Converting the raw pointer back into a Box with Box::from_raw for automatic cleanup:

let x = Box::new(String::from("Hello"));
let ptr = Box::into_raw(x);
let x = unsafe { Box::from_raw(ptr) };

Manual cleanup by explicitly running the destructor and deallocating the memory:

use std::alloc::{dealloc, Layout};
use std::ptr;

let x = Box::new(String::from("Hello"));
let p = Box::into_raw(x);
unsafe {
    ptr::drop_in_place(p);
    dealloc(p as *mut u8, Layout::new::<String>());
}

pub fn into_raw_non_null(b: Box<T>) -> NonNull<T>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (box_into_raw_non_null)

Consumes the Box, returning the wrapped pointer as NonNull<T>.

After calling this function, the caller is responsible for the memory previously managed by the Box. In particular, the caller should properly destroy T and release the memory. The easiest way to do so is to convert the NonNull<T> pointer into a raw pointer and back into a Box with the Box::from_raw function.

Note: this is an associated function, which means that you have to call it as Box::into_raw_non_null(b) instead of b.into_raw_non_null(). This is so that there is no conflict with a method on the inner type.

Examples

#![feature(box_into_raw_non_null)]

fn main() {
    let x = Box::new(5);
    let ptr = Box::into_raw_non_null(x);

    // Clean up the memory by converting the NonNull pointer back
    // into a Box and letting the Box be dropped.
    let x = unsafe { Box::from_raw(ptr.as_ptr()) };
}

Important traits for &'_ mut I

impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

pub fn leak<'a>(b: Box<T>) -> &'a mut T where
    T: 'a, 

Consumes and leaks the Box, returning a mutable reference, &'a mut T. Note that the type T must outlive the chosen lifetime 'a. If the type has only static references, or none at all, then this may be chosen to be 'static.

This function is mainly useful for data that lives for the remainder of the program's life. Dropping the returned reference will cause a memory leak. If this is not acceptable, the reference should first be wrapped with the Box::from_raw function producing a Box. This Box can then be dropped which will properly destroy T and release the allocated memory.

Note: this is an associated function, which means that you have to call it as Box::leak(b) instead of b.leak(). This is so that there is no conflict with a method on the inner type.

Examples

Simple usage:

fn main() {
    let x = Box::new(41);
    let static_ref: &'static mut usize = Box::leak(x);
    *static_ref += 1;
    assert_eq!(*static_ref, 42);
}

Unsized data:

fn main() {
    let x = vec![1, 2, 3].into_boxed_slice();
    let static_ref = Box::leak(x);
    static_ref[0] = 4;
    assert_eq!(*static_ref, [4, 2, 3]);
}

pub fn into_pin(boxed: Box<T>) -> Pin<Box<T>>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (box_into_pin)

Converts a Box<T> into a Pin<Box<T>>

This conversion does not allocate on the heap and happens in place.

This is also available via From.

impl Box<dyn Any + 'static>

pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> Result<Box<T>, Box<dyn Any + 'static>> where
    T: Any, 

Attempt to downcast the box to a concrete type.

Examples

use std::any::Any;

fn print_if_string(value: Box<dyn Any>) {
    if let Ok(string) = value.downcast::<String>() {
        println!("String ({}): {}", string.len(), string);
    }
}

fn main() {
    let my_string = "Hello World".to_string();
    print_if_string(Box::new(my_string));
    print_if_string(Box::new(0i8));
}

impl Box<dyn Any + 'static + Send>

pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> Result<Box<T>, Box<dyn Any + 'static + Send>> where
    T: Any, 

Attempt to downcast the box to a concrete type.

Examples

use std::any::Any;

fn print_if_string(value: Box<dyn Any + Send>) {
    if let Ok(string) = value.downcast::<String>() {
        println!("String ({}): {}", string.len(), string);
    }
}

fn main() {
    let my_string = "Hello World".to_string();
    print_if_string(Box::new(my_string));
    print_if_string(Box::new(0i8));
}

Trait Implementations

impl<'a, '_> From<&'_ str> for Box<dyn Error + 'a + Send + Sync>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(err: &str) -> Box<dyn Error + 'a + Send + Sync>

Converts a [str] into a box of dyn Error + trait@Send + trait@Sync.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::mem;

let a_str_error = "a str error";
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error + Send + Sync>::from(a_str_error);
assert!(
    mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

impl From<CString> for Box<CStr>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(s: CString) -> Box<CStr>

Converts a CString into a Box<CStr> without copying or allocating.

impl From<Box<Path>> for PathBuf

fn from(boxed: Box<Path>) -> PathBuf

Converts a Box<Path> into a PathBuf

This conversion does not allocate or copy memory.

impl<'a, E> From<E> for Box<dyn Error + 'a + Send + Sync> where
    E: 'a + Error + Send + Sync, 

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(err: E) -> Box<dyn Error + 'a + Send + Sync>

Converts a type of Error + trait@Send + trait@Sync into a box of dyn Error + trait@Send + trait@Sync.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::fmt;
use std::mem;

#[derive(Debug)]
struct AnError;

impl fmt::Display for AnError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f , "An error")
    }
}

impl Error for AnError {
    fn description(&self) -> &str {
        "Description of an error"
    }
}

unsafe impl Send for AnError {}

unsafe impl Sync for AnError {}

let an_error = AnError;
assert!(0 == mem::size_of_val(&an_error));
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error + Send + Sync>::from(an_error);
assert!(
    mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

impl<'_> From<&'_ OsStr> for Box<OsStr>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(s: &OsStr) -> Box<OsStr>

Performs the conversion.

impl<'a> From<Cow<'a, str>> for Box<dyn Error + 'static>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(err: Cow<'a, str>) -> Box<dyn Error + 'static>

Converts a Cow into a box of dyn Error.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::mem;
use std::borrow::Cow;

let a_cow_str_error = Cow::from("a str error");
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error>::from(a_cow_str_error);
assert!(mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

impl<'_> From<&'_ str> for Box<dyn Error + 'static>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(err: &str) -> Box<dyn Error + 'static>

Converts a [str] into a box of dyn Error.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::mem;

let a_str_error = "a str error";
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error>::from(a_str_error);
assert!(mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

impl<'_> From<&'_ CStr> for Box<CStr>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(s: &CStr) -> Box<CStr>

Performs the conversion.

impl From<Box<OsStr>> for OsString

fn from(boxed: Box<OsStr>) -> OsString

Converts a Box<OsStr> into a OsString without copying or allocating.

impl<'_> From<&'_ Path> for Box<Path>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(path: &Path) -> Box<Path>

Performs the conversion.

impl From<String> for Box<dyn Error + 'static>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(str_err: String) -> Box<dyn Error + 'static>

Converts a String into a box of dyn Error.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::mem;

let a_string_error = "a string error".to_string();
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error>::from(a_string_error);
assert!(mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

impl From<Box<CStr>> for CString

fn from(s: Box<CStr>) -> CString

Converts a Box<CStr> into a CString without copying or allocating.

impl From<OsString> for Box<OsStr>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(s: OsString) -> Box<OsStr>

Converts a OsString into a Box<OsStr> without copying or allocating.

impl<'a, E> From<E> for Box<dyn Error + 'a> where
    E: 'a + Error, 

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(err: E) -> Box<dyn Error + 'a>

Converts a type of Error into a box of dyn Error.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::fmt;
use std::mem;

#[derive(Debug)]
struct AnError;

impl fmt::Display for AnError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f , "An error")
    }
}

impl Error for AnError {
    fn description(&self) -> &str {
        "Description of an error"
    }
}

let an_error = AnError;
assert!(0 == mem::size_of_val(&an_error));
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error>::from(an_error);
assert!(mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

impl<'a, 'b> From<Cow<'b, str>> for Box<dyn Error + 'a + Send + Sync>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(err: Cow<'b, str>) -> Box<dyn Error + 'a + Send + Sync>

Converts a Cow into a box of dyn Error + trait@Send + trait@Sync.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::mem;
use std::borrow::Cow;

let a_cow_str_error = Cow::from("a str error");
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error + Send + Sync>::from(a_cow_str_error);
assert!(
    mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

impl From<String> for Box<dyn Error + 'static + Send + Sync>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(err: String) -> Box<dyn Error + 'static + Send + Sync>

Converts a String into a box of dyn Error + trait@Send + trait@Sync.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::mem;

let a_string_error = "a string error".to_string();
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error + Send + Sync>::from(a_string_error);
assert!(
    mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

impl From<PathBuf> for Box<Path>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(p: PathBuf) -> Box<Path>

Converts a PathBuf into a Box<Path>

This conversion currently should not allocate memory, but this behavior is not guaranteed on all platforms or in all future versions.

impl Default for Box<CStr>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn default() -> Box<CStr>

Returns the "default value" for a type.

impl Default for Box<OsStr>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn default() -> Box<OsStr>

Returns the "default value" for a type.

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, 

fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Write a buffer into this writer, returning how many bytes were written.

fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Like write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers.

fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error>

Flush this output stream, ensuring that all intermediately buffered contents reach their destination.

fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Attempts to write an entire buffer into this writer.

fn write_fmt(&mut self, fmt: Arguments) -> Result<(), Error>

Writes a formatted string into this writer, returning any error encountered.

Important traits for &'_ mut I

impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Creates a "by reference" adaptor for this instance of Write.

impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, 

fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer, returning how many bytes were read.

fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Like read, except that it reads into a slice of buffers.

unsafe fn initializer(&self) -> Initializer

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_initializer)

Determines if this Reader can work with buffers of uninitialized memory.

fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until EOF in this source, placing them into buf.

fn read_to_string(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until EOF in this source, appending them to buf.

fn read_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Read the exact number of bytes required to fill buf.

Important traits for &'_ mut I

impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Creates a "by reference" adaptor for this instance of Read.

Important traits for Bytes<R>

impl<R> Iterator for Bytes<R> where
    R: Read,  type Item = Result<u8, Error>;

fn bytes(self) -> Bytes<Self>

Transforms this Read instance to an [Iterator] over its bytes.

fn chain<R>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R> where
    R: Read, 

Creates an adaptor which will chain this stream with another.

fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>

Creates an adaptor which will read at most limit bytes from it.

impl Clone for Box<CStr>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn clone(&self) -> Box<CStr>

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Clone for Box<OsStr>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn clone(&self) -> Box<OsStr>

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Clone for Box<Path>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn clone(&self) -> Box<Path>

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl<T> Error for Box<T> where
    T: Error, 

fn description(&self) -> &str

This method is soft-deprecated.

fn cause(&self) -> Option<&dyn Error>

Deprecated since 1.33.0:

replaced by Error::source, which can support downcasting

The lower-level cause of this error, if any.

fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)>

The lower-level source of this error, if any.

impl<B> BufRead for Box<B> where
    B: BufRead + ?Sized, 

fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> Result<&[u8], Error>

Returns the contents of the internal buffer, filling it with more data from the inner reader if it is empty.

fn consume(&mut self, amt: usize)

Tells this buffer that amt bytes have been consumed from the buffer, so they should no longer be returned in calls to read.

fn read_until(&mut self, byte: u8, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes into buf until the delimiter byte or EOF is reached.

fn read_line(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until a newline (the 0xA byte) is reached, and append them to the provided buffer.

Important traits for Split<B>

impl<B> Iterator for Split<B> where
    B: BufRead,  type Item = Result<Vec<u8>, Error>;

fn split(self, byte: u8) -> Split<Self>

Returns an iterator over the contents of this reader split on the byte byte.

Important traits for Lines<B>

impl<B> Iterator for Lines<B> where
    B: BufRead,  type Item = Result<String, Error>;

fn lines(self) -> Lines<Self>

Returns an iterator over the lines of this reader.

impl<S> Seek for Box<S> where
    S: Seek + ?Sized, 

fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> Result<u64, Error>

Seek to an offset, in bytes, in a stream.

fn stream_len(&mut self) -> Result<u64, Error>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (seek_convenience)

Returns the length of this stream (in bytes).

fn stream_position(&mut self) -> Result<u64, Error>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (seek_convenience)

Returns the current seek position from the start of the stream.

impl<T> AsMut<T> for Box<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

Important traits for &'_ mut I

impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Performs the conversion.

impl<'_, T> From<&'_ [T]> for Box<[T]> where
    T: Copy, 

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(slice: &[T]) -> Box<[T]>

Converts a &[T] into a Box<[T]>

This conversion allocates on the heap and performs a copy of slice.

Examples

// create a &[u8] which will be used to create a Box<[u8]>
let slice: &[u8] = &[104, 101, 108, 108, 111];
let boxed_slice: Box<[u8]> = Box::from(slice);

println!("{:?}", boxed_slice);

impl<T> From<Box<T>> for Pin<Box<T>> where
    T: ?Sized, 

fn from(boxed: Box<T>) -> Pin<Box<T>>

Converts a Box<T> into a Pin<Box<T>>

This conversion does not allocate on the heap and happens in place.

impl<T> From<Box<[T]>> for Vec<T>

Important traits for Vec<u8>

impl Write for Vec<u8>

fn from(s: Box<[T]>) -> Vec<T>

Performs the conversion.

impl From<String> for Box<str>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(s: String) -> Box<str>

Converts the given String to a boxed str slice that is owned.

Examples

Basic usage:

let s1: String = String::from("hello world");
let s2: Box<str> = Box::from(s1);
let s3: String = String::from(s2);

assert_eq!("hello world", s3)

impl<T> From<T> for Box<T>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(t: T) -> Box<T>

Converts a generic type T into a Box<T>

The conversion allocates on the heap and moves t from the stack into it.

Examples

let x = 5;
let boxed = Box::new(5);

assert_eq!(Box::from(x), boxed);

impl<'_> From<&'_ str> for Box<str>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(s: &str) -> Box<str>

Converts a &str into a Box<str>

This conversion allocates on the heap and performs a copy of s.

Examples

let boxed: Box<str> = Box::from("hello");
println!("{}", boxed);

impl From<Box<str>> for String

fn from(s: Box<str>) -> String

Converts the given boxed str slice to a String. It is notable that the str slice is owned.

Examples

Basic usage:

let s1: String = String::from("hello world");
let s2: Box<str> = s1.into_boxed_str();
let s3: String = String::from(s2);

assert_eq!("hello world", s3)

impl<T> From<Box<T>> for Arc<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

fn from(v: Box<T>) -> Arc<T>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> From<Vec<T>> for Box<[T]>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(v: Vec<T>) -> Box<[T]>

Performs the conversion.

impl From<Box<str>> for Box<[u8]>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from(s: Box<str>) -> Box<[u8]>

Converts a Box<str>> into a Box<[u8]>

This conversion does not allocate on the heap and happens in place.

Examples

// create a Box<str> which will be used to create a Box<[u8]>
let boxed: Box<str> = Box::from("hello");
let boxed_str: Box<[u8]> = Box::from(boxed);

// create a &[u8] which will be used to create a Box<[u8]>
let slice: &[u8] = &[104, 101, 108, 108, 111];
let boxed_slice = Box::from(slice);

assert_eq!(boxed_slice, boxed_str);

impl<T> From<Box<T>> for Rc<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

fn from(v: Box<T>) -> Rc<T>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> Eq for Box<T> where
    T: Eq + ?Sized, 

impl<T> Deref for Box<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

type Target = T

The resulting type after dereferencing.

Important traits for &'_ mut I

impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn deref(&self) -> &T

Dereferences the value.

impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for Box<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

Important traits for &'_ mut I

impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value.

impl<T> AsRef<T> for Box<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

Important traits for &'_ mut I

impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn as_ref(&self) -> &T

Performs the conversion.

impl<T> Hash for Box<T> where
    T: Hash + ?Sized, 

fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H) where
    H: Hasher, 

Feeds this value into the given [Hasher].

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H) where
    H: Hasher, 

Feeds a slice of this type into the given [Hasher].

impl<A> FromIterator<A> for Box<[A]>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn from_iter<T>(iter: T) -> Box<[A]> where
    T: IntoIterator<Item = A>, 

Creates a value from an iterator.

impl<A, F> FnMut<A> for Box<F> where
    F: FnMut<A> + ?Sized, 

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

extern "rust-call" fn call_mut(
    &mut self,
    args: A
) -> <Box<F> as FnOnce<A>>::Output

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (fn_traits)

Performs the call operation.

impl Default for Box<str>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn default() -> Box<str>

Returns the "default value" for a type.

impl<T> Default for Box<[T]>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn default() -> Box<[T]>

Returns the "default value" for a type.

impl<T> Default for Box<T> where
    T: Default, 

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn default() -> Box<T>

Creates a Box<T>, with the Default value for T.

impl<T, U> CoerceUnsized<Box<U>> for Box<T> where
    T: Unsize<U> + ?Sized,
    U: ?Sized, 

impl<T> PartialEq<Box<T>> for Box<T> where
    T: PartialEq<T> + ?Sized, 

fn eq(&self, other: &Box<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Box<T>) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl<const N: usize, T> TryFrom<Box<[T]>> for Box<[T; N]> where
    [T; N]: LengthAtMost32, 

type Error = Box<[T]>

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

fn try_from(
    boxed_slice: Box<[T]>
) -> Result<Box<[T; N]>, <Box<[T; N]> as TryFrom<Box<[T]>>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.

impl<A, F> Fn<A> for Box<F> where
    F: Fn<A> + ?Sized, 

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

extern "rust-call" fn call(&self, args: A) -> <Box<F> as FnOnce<A>>::Output

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (fn_traits)

Performs the call operation.

impl<T> Pointer for Box<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized, 

type Output = <F as Future>::Output

The type of value produced on completion.

fn poll(
    self: Pin<&mut Box<F>>,
    cx: &mut Context
) -> Poll<<Box<F> as Future>::Output>

Attempt to resolve the future to a final value, registering the current task for wakeup if the value is not yet available.

impl<T> Unpin for Box<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

impl<T> Borrow<T> for Box<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

Important traits for &'_ mut I

impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value.

impl<I> FusedIterator for Box<I> where
    I: FusedIterator + ?Sized, 

impl<T> Clone for Box<[T]> where
    T: Clone, 

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn clone(&self) -> Box<[T]>

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Clone for Box<str>

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn clone(&self) -> Box<str>

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl<T> Clone for Box<T> where
    T: Clone, 

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn clone(&self) -> Box<T>

Returns a new box with a clone() of this box's contents.

Examples

let x = Box::new(5);
let y = x.clone();

// The value is the same
assert_eq!(x, y);

// But they are unique objects
assert_ne!(&*x as *const i32, &*y as *const i32);

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Box<T>)

Copies source's contents into self without creating a new allocation.

Examples

let x = Box::new(5);
let mut y = Box::new(10);
let yp: *const i32 = &*y;

y.clone_from(&x);

// The value is the same
assert_eq!(x, y);

// And no allocation occurred
assert_eq!(yp, &*y);

impl<T> Hasher for Box<T> where
    T: Hasher + ?Sized, 

fn finish(&self) -> u64

Returns the hash value for the values written so far.

fn write(&mut self, bytes: &[u8])

Writes some data into this Hasher.

fn write_u8(&mut self, i: u8)

Writes a single u8 into this hasher.

fn write_u16(&mut self, i: u16)

Writes a single u16 into this hasher.

fn write_u32(&mut self, i: u32)

Writes a single u32 into this hasher.

fn write_u64(&mut self, i: u64)

Writes a single u64 into this hasher.

fn write_u128(&mut self, i: u128)

Writes a single u128 into this hasher.

fn write_usize(&mut self, i: usize)

Writes a single usize into this hasher.

fn write_i8(&mut self, i: i8)

Writes a single i8 into this hasher.

fn write_i16(&mut self, i: i16)

Writes a single i16 into this hasher.

fn write_i32(&mut self, i: i32)

Writes a single i32 into this hasher.

fn write_i64(&mut self, i: i64)

Writes a single i64 into this hasher.

fn write_i128(&mut self, i: i128)

Writes a single i128 into this hasher.

fn write_isize(&mut self, i: isize)

Writes a single isize into this hasher.

impl<I> DoubleEndedIterator for Box<I> where
    I: DoubleEndedIterator + ?Sized, 

fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<<I as Iterator>::Item>

Removes and returns an element from the end of the iterator.

fn nth_back(&mut self, n: usize) -> Option<<I as Iterator>::Item>

Returns the nth element from the end of the iterator.

fn try_rfold<B, F, R>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> R where
    F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> R,
    R: Try<Ok = B>, 

This is the reverse version of [try_fold()]: it takes elements starting from the back of the iterator.

fn rfold<B, F>(self, accum: B, f: F) -> B where
    F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> B, 

An iterator method that reduces the iterator's elements to a single, final value, starting from the back.

fn rfind<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Searches for an element of an iterator from the back that satisfies a predicate.

impl<T> Ord for Box<T> where
    T: Ord + ?Sized, 

fn cmp(&self, other: &Box<T>) -> Ordering

This method returns an Ordering between self and other.

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self

Compares and returns the maximum of two values.

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self

Compares and returns the minimum of two values.

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (clamp)

Restrict a value to a certain interval.

impl<A, F> FnOnce<A> for Box<F> where
    F: FnOnce<A> + ?Sized, 

type Output = <F as FnOnce<A>>::Output

The returned type after the call operator is used.

Important traits for Box<W>

impl<W> Write for Box<W> where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<R> Read for Box<R> where
    R: Read + ?Sized, impl<F> Future for Box<F> where
    F: Unpin + Future + ?Sized,  type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

extern "rust-call" fn call_once(self, args: A) -> <Box<F> as FnOnce<A>>::Output

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (fn_traits)

Performs the call operation.

impl<T> Display for Box<T> where
    T: Display + ?Sized, 

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T> Drop for Box<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

fn drop(&mut self)

Executes the destructor for this type.

impl<I> ExactSizeIterator for Box<I> where
    I: ExactSizeIterator + ?Sized, 

fn len(&self) -> usize

Returns the exact number of times the iterator will iterate.

fn is_empty(&self) -> bool

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (exact_size_is_empty)

Returns true if the iterator is empty.

impl<G> Generator for Box<G> where
    G: Unpin + Generator + ?Sized, 

type Yield = <G as Generator>::Yield

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (generator_trait)

The type of value this generator yields.

type Return = <G as Generator>::Return

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (generator_trait)

The type of value this generator returns.

fn resume(
    self: Pin<&mut Box<G>>
) -> GeneratorState<<Box<G> as Generator>::Yield, <Box<G> as Generator>::Return>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (generator_trait)

Resumes the execution of this generator.

impl<T> Debug for Box<T> where
    T: Debug + ?Sized, 

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T, U> DispatchFromDyn<Box<U>> for Box<T> where
    T: Unsize<U> + ?Sized,
    U: ?Sized, 

impl<T> PartialOrd<Box<T>> for Box<T> where
    T: PartialOrd<T> + ?Sized, 

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Box<T>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Box<T>) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Box<T>) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Box<T>) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Box<T>) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

impl<T> DerefMut for Box<T> where
    T: ?Sized, 

Important traits for &'_ mut I

impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably dereferences the value.

impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator, 

fn last(self) -> Option<<I as Iterator>::Item>

Consumes the iterator, returning the last element.

type Item

The type of the elements being iterated over.

fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item>

Advances the iterator and returns the next value.

fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>)

Returns the bounds on the remaining length of the iterator.

fn count(self) -> usize

Consumes the iterator, counting the number of iterations and returning it.

fn nth(&mut self, n: usize) -> Option<Self::Item>

Returns the nth element of the iterator.

Important traits for StepBy<I>

impl<I> Iterator for StepBy<I> where
    I: Iterator,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn step_by(self, step: usize) -> StepBy<Self>

Creates an iterator starting at the same point, but stepping by the given amount at each iteration.

Important traits for Chain<A, B>

impl<A, B> Iterator for Chain<A, B> where
    A: Iterator,
    B: Iterator<Item = <A as Iterator>::Item>,  type Item = <A as Iterator>::Item;

fn chain<U>(self, other: U) -> Chain<Self, <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter> where
    U: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>, 

Takes two iterators and creates a new iterator over both in sequence.

Important traits for Zip<A, B>

impl<A, B> Iterator for Zip<A, B> where
    A: Iterator,
    B: Iterator,  type Item = (<A as Iterator>::Item, <B as Iterator>::Item);

fn zip<U>(self, other: U) -> Zip<Self, <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter> where
    U: IntoIterator, 

'Zips up' two iterators into a single iterator of pairs.

Important traits for Map<I, F>

impl<B, I, F> Iterator for Map<I, F> where
    F: FnMut(<I as Iterator>::Item) -> B,
    I: Iterator,  type Item = B;

fn map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Map<Self, F> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> B, 

Takes a closure and creates an iterator which calls that closure on each element.

fn for_each<F>(self, f: F) where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item), 

Calls a closure on each element of an iterator.

Important traits for Filter<I, P>

impl<I, P> Iterator for Filter<I, P> where
    I: Iterator,
    P: FnMut(&<I as Iterator>::Item) -> bool,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn filter<P>(self, predicate: P) -> Filter<Self, P> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Creates an iterator which uses a closure to determine if an element should be yielded.

Important traits for FilterMap<I, F>

impl<B, I, F> Iterator for FilterMap<I, F> where
    F: FnMut(<I as Iterator>::Item) -> Option<B>,
    I: Iterator,  type Item = B;

fn filter_map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> FilterMap<Self, F> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>, 

Creates an iterator that both filters and maps.

Important traits for Enumerate<I>

impl<I> Iterator for Enumerate<I> where
    I: Iterator,  type Item = (usize, <I as Iterator>::Item);

fn enumerate(self) -> Enumerate<Self>

Creates an iterator which gives the current iteration count as well as the next value.

Important traits for Peekable<I>

impl<I> Iterator for Peekable<I> where
    I: Iterator,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn peekable(self) -> Peekable<Self>

Creates an iterator which can use peek to look at the next element of the iterator without consuming it.

Important traits for SkipWhile<I, P>

impl<I, P> Iterator for SkipWhile<I, P> where
    I: Iterator,
    P: FnMut(&<I as Iterator>::Item) -> bool,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn skip_while<P>(self, predicate: P) -> SkipWhile<Self, P> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Creates an iterator that [skip]s elements based on a predicate.

Important traits for TakeWhile<I, P>

impl<I, P> Iterator for TakeWhile<I, P> where
    I: Iterator,
    P: FnMut(&<I as Iterator>::Item) -> bool,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn take_while<P>(self, predicate: P) -> TakeWhile<Self, P> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Creates an iterator that yields elements based on a predicate.

Important traits for Skip<I>

impl<I> Iterator for Skip<I> where
    I: Iterator,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn skip(self, n: usize) -> Skip<Self>

Creates an iterator that skips the first n elements.

Important traits for Take<I>

impl<I> Iterator for Take<I> where
    I: Iterator,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn take(self, n: usize) -> Take<Self>

Creates an iterator that yields its first n elements.

Important traits for Scan<I, St, F>

impl<B, I, St, F> Iterator for Scan<I, St, F> where
    F: FnMut(&mut St, <I as Iterator>::Item) -> Option<B>,
    I: Iterator,  type Item = B;

fn scan<St, B, F>(self, initial_state: St, f: F) -> Scan<Self, St, F> where
    F: FnMut(&mut St, Self::Item) -> Option<B>, 

An iterator adaptor similar to [fold] that holds internal state and produces a new iterator.

Important traits for FlatMap<I, U, F>

impl<I, U, F> Iterator for FlatMap<I, U, F> where
    F: FnMut(<I as Iterator>::Item) -> U,
    I: Iterator,
    U: IntoIterator,  type Item = <U as IntoIterator>::Item;

fn flat_map<U, F>(self, f: F) -> FlatMap<Self, U, F> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> U,
    U: IntoIterator, 

Creates an iterator that works like map, but flattens nested structure.

Important traits for Flatten<I>

impl<I, U> Iterator for Flatten<I> where
    I: Iterator,
    U: Iterator,
    <I as Iterator>::Item: IntoIterator,
    <<I as Iterator>::Item as IntoIterator>::IntoIter == U,
    <<I as Iterator>::Item as IntoIterator>::Item == <U as Iterator>::Item,  type Item = <U as Iterator>::Item;

fn flatten(self) -> Flatten<Self> where
    Self::Item: IntoIterator, 

Creates an iterator that flattens nested structure.

Important traits for Fuse<I>

impl<I> Iterator for Fuse<I> where
    I: FusedIterator, impl<I> Iterator for Fuse<I> where
    I: Iterator,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn fuse(self) -> Fuse<Self>

Creates an iterator which ends after the first [None].

Important traits for Inspect<I, F>

impl<I, F> Iterator for Inspect<I, F> where
    F: FnMut(&<I as Iterator>::Item),
    I: Iterator,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn inspect<F>(self, f: F) -> Inspect<Self, F> where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item), 

Do something with each element of an iterator, passing the value on.

Important traits for &'_ mut I

impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Borrows an iterator, rather than consuming it.

#[must_use = "if you really need to exhaust the iterator, consider `.for_each(drop)` instead"] fn collect<B>(self) -> B where
    B: FromIterator<Self::Item>, 

Transforms an iterator into a collection.

fn partition<B, F>(self, f: F) -> (B, B) where
    B: Default + Extend<Self::Item>,
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Consumes an iterator, creating two collections from it.

fn partition_in_place<'a, T, P>(self, predicate: P) -> usize where
    P: FnMut(&T) -> bool,
    Self: DoubleEndedIterator<Item = &'a mut T>,
    T: 'a, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_partition_in_place)

new API

Reorder the elements of this iterator in-place according to the given predicate, such that all those that return true precede all those that return false. Returns the number of true elements found.

fn is_partitioned<P>(self, predicate: P) -> bool where
    P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_is_partitioned)

new API

Checks if the elements of this iterator are partitioned according to the given predicate, such that all those that return true precede all those that return false.

fn try_fold<B, F, R>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> R where
    F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> R,
    R: Try<Ok = B>, 

An iterator method that applies a function as long as it returns successfully, producing a single, final value.

fn try_for_each<F, R>(&mut self, f: F) -> R where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> R,
    R: Try<Ok = ()>, 

An iterator method that applies a fallible function to each item in the iterator, stopping at the first error and returning that error.

fn fold<B, F>(self, init: B, f: F) -> B where
    F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> B, 

An iterator method that applies a function, producing a single, final value.

fn all<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, 

Tests if every element of the iterator matches a predicate.

fn any<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, 

Tests if any element of the iterator matches a predicate.

fn find<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Searches for an element of an iterator that satisfies a predicate.

fn find_map<B, F>(&mut self, f: F) -> Option<B> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>, 

Applies function to the elements of iterator and returns the first non-none result.

fn position<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<usize> where
    P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, 

Searches for an element in an iterator, returning its index.

fn rposition<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<usize> where
    P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,
    Self: ExactSizeIterator + DoubleEndedIterator, 

Searches for an element in an iterator from the right, returning its index.

fn max(self) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    Self::Item: Ord, 

Returns the maximum element of an iterator.

fn min(self) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    Self::Item: Ord, 

Returns the minimum element of an iterator.

fn max_by_key<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    B: Ord,
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> B, 

Returns the element that gives the maximum value from the specified function.

fn max_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering, 

Returns the element that gives the maximum value with respect to the specified comparison function.

fn min_by_key<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    B: Ord,
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> B, 

Returns the element that gives the minimum value from the specified function.

fn min_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering, 

Returns the element that gives the minimum value with respect to the specified comparison function.

Important traits for Rev<I>

impl<I> Iterator for Rev<I> where
    I: DoubleEndedIterator,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn rev(self) -> Rev<Self> where
    Self: DoubleEndedIterator, 

Reverses an iterator's direction.

fn unzip<A, B, FromA, FromB>(self) -> (FromA, FromB) where
    FromA: Default + Extend<A>,
    FromB: Default + Extend<B>,
    Self: Iterator<Item = (A, B)>, 

Converts an iterator of pairs into a pair of containers.

Important traits for Copied<I>

impl<'a, I, T> Iterator for Copied<I> where
    I: Iterator<Item = &'a T>,
    T: 'a + Copy,  type Item = T;

fn copied<'a, T>(self) -> Copied<Self> where
    Self: Iterator<Item = &'a T>,
    T: 'a + Copy, 

Creates an iterator which copies all of its elements.

Important traits for Cloned<I>

impl<'a, I, T> Iterator for Cloned<I> where
    I: Iterator<Item = &'a T>,
    T: 'a + Clone,  type Item = T;

fn cloned<'a, T>(self) -> Cloned<Self> where
    Self: Iterator<Item = &'a T>,
    T: 'a + Clone, 

Creates an iterator which [clone]s all of its elements.

Important traits for Cycle<I>

impl<I> Iterator for Cycle<I> where
    I: Clone + Iterator,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn cycle(self) -> Cycle<Self> where
    Self: Clone, 

Repeats an iterator endlessly.

fn sum<S>(self) -> S where
    S: Sum<Self::Item>, 

Sums the elements of an iterator.

fn product<P>(self) -> P where
    P: Product<Self::Item>, 

Iterates over the entire iterator, multiplying all the elements

fn cmp<I>(self, other: I) -> Ordering where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>,
    Self::Item: Ord, 

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another.

fn partial_cmp<I>(self, other: I) -> Option<Ordering> where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another.

fn eq<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialEq<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are equal to those of another.

fn ne<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialEq<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are unequal to those of another.

fn lt<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically less than those of another.

fn le<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically less or equal to those of another.

fn gt<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically greater than those of another.

fn ge<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically greater than or equal to those of another.

fn is_sorted(self) -> bool where
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<Self::Item>, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (is_sorted)

new API

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted.

fn is_sorted_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Option<Ordering>, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (is_sorted)

new API

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given comparator function.

fn is_sorted_by_key<F, K>(self, f: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> K,
    K: PartialOrd<K>, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (is_sorted)

new API

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given key extraction function.

impl<I> Iterator for Box<I> where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized, 

type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item

The type of the elements being iterated over.

fn next(&mut self) -> Option<<I as Iterator>::Item>

Advances the iterator and returns the next value.

fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>)

Returns the bounds on the remaining length of the iterator.

fn nth(&mut self, n: usize) -> Option<<I as Iterator>::Item>

Returns the nth element of the iterator.

fn count(self) -> usize

Consumes the iterator, counting the number of iterations and returning it.

fn last(self) -> Option<Self::Item>

Consumes the iterator, returning the last element.

Important traits for StepBy<I>

impl<I> Iterator for StepBy<I> where
    I: Iterator,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn step_by(self, step: usize) -> StepBy<Self>

Creates an iterator starting at the same point, but stepping by the given amount at each iteration.

Important traits for Chain<A, B>

impl<A, B> Iterator for Chain<A, B> where
    A: Iterator,
    B: Iterator<Item = <A as Iterator>::Item>,  type Item = <A as Iterator>::Item;

fn chain<U>(self, other: U) -> Chain<Self, <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter> where
    U: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>, 

Takes two iterators and creates a new iterator over both in sequence.

Important traits for Zip<A, B>

impl<A, B> Iterator for Zip<A, B> where
    A: Iterator,
    B: Iterator,  type Item = (<A as Iterator>::Item, <B as Iterator>::Item);

fn zip<U>(self, other: U) -> Zip<Self, <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter> where
    U: IntoIterator, 

'Zips up' two iterators into a single iterator of pairs.

Important traits for Map<I, F>

impl<B, I, F> Iterator for Map<I, F> where
    F: FnMut(<I as Iterator>::Item) -> B,
    I: Iterator,  type Item = B;

fn map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Map<Self, F> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> B, 

Takes a closure and creates an iterator which calls that closure on each element.

fn for_each<F>(self, f: F) where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item), 

Calls a closure on each element of an iterator.

Important traits for Filter<I, P>

impl<I, P> Iterator for Filter<I, P> where
    I: Iterator,
    P: FnMut(&<I as Iterator>::Item) -> bool,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn filter<P>(self, predicate: P) -> Filter<Self, P> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Creates an iterator which uses a closure to determine if an element should be yielded.

Important traits for FilterMap<I, F>

impl<B, I, F> Iterator for FilterMap<I, F> where
    F: FnMut(<I as Iterator>::Item) -> Option<B>,
    I: Iterator,  type Item = B;

fn filter_map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> FilterMap<Self, F> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>, 

Creates an iterator that both filters and maps.

Important traits for Enumerate<I>

impl<I> Iterator for Enumerate<I> where
    I: Iterator,  type Item = (usize, <I as Iterator>::Item);

fn enumerate(self) -> Enumerate<Self>

Creates an iterator which gives the current iteration count as well as the next value.

Important traits for Peekable<I>

impl<I> Iterator for Peekable<I> where
    I: Iterator,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn peekable(self) -> Peekable<Self>

Creates an iterator which can use peek to look at the next element of the iterator without consuming it.

Important traits for SkipWhile<I, P>

impl<I, P> Iterator for SkipWhile<I, P> where
    I: Iterator,
    P: FnMut(&<I as Iterator>::Item) -> bool,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn skip_while<P>(self, predicate: P) -> SkipWhile<Self, P> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Creates an iterator that [skip]s elements based on a predicate.

Important traits for TakeWhile<I, P>

impl<I, P> Iterator for TakeWhile<I, P> where
    I: Iterator,
    P: FnMut(&<I as Iterator>::Item) -> bool,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn take_while<P>(self, predicate: P) -> TakeWhile<Self, P> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Creates an iterator that yields elements based on a predicate.

Important traits for Skip<I>

impl<I> Iterator for Skip<I> where
    I: Iterator,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn skip(self, n: usize) -> Skip<Self>

Creates an iterator that skips the first n elements.

Important traits for Take<I>

impl<I> Iterator for Take<I> where
    I: Iterator,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn take(self, n: usize) -> Take<Self>

Creates an iterator that yields its first n elements.

Important traits for Scan<I, St, F>

impl<B, I, St, F> Iterator for Scan<I, St, F> where
    F: FnMut(&mut St, <I as Iterator>::Item) -> Option<B>,
    I: Iterator,  type Item = B;

fn scan<St, B, F>(self, initial_state: St, f: F) -> Scan<Self, St, F> where
    F: FnMut(&mut St, Self::Item) -> Option<B>, 

An iterator adaptor similar to [fold] that holds internal state and produces a new iterator.

Important traits for FlatMap<I, U, F>

impl<I, U, F> Iterator for FlatMap<I, U, F> where
    F: FnMut(<I as Iterator>::Item) -> U,
    I: Iterator,
    U: IntoIterator,  type Item = <U as IntoIterator>::Item;

fn flat_map<U, F>(self, f: F) -> FlatMap<Self, U, F> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> U,
    U: IntoIterator, 

Creates an iterator that works like map, but flattens nested structure.

Important traits for Flatten<I>

impl<I, U> Iterator for Flatten<I> where
    I: Iterator,
    U: Iterator,
    <I as Iterator>::Item: IntoIterator,
    <<I as Iterator>::Item as IntoIterator>::IntoIter == U,
    <<I as Iterator>::Item as IntoIterator>::Item == <U as Iterator>::Item,  type Item = <U as Iterator>::Item;

fn flatten(self) -> Flatten<Self> where
    Self::Item: IntoIterator, 

Creates an iterator that flattens nested structure.

Important traits for Fuse<I>

impl<I> Iterator for Fuse<I> where
    I: FusedIterator, impl<I> Iterator for Fuse<I> where
    I: Iterator,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn fuse(self) -> Fuse<Self>

Creates an iterator which ends after the first [None].

Important traits for Inspect<I, F>

impl<I, F> Iterator for Inspect<I, F> where
    F: FnMut(&<I as Iterator>::Item),
    I: Iterator,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn inspect<F>(self, f: F) -> Inspect<Self, F> where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item), 

Do something with each element of an iterator, passing the value on.

Important traits for &'_ mut I

impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
    I: Iterator + ?Sized,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Borrows an iterator, rather than consuming it.

#[must_use = "if you really need to exhaust the iterator, consider `.for_each(drop)` instead"] fn collect<B>(self) -> B where
    B: FromIterator<Self::Item>, 

Transforms an iterator into a collection.

fn partition<B, F>(self, f: F) -> (B, B) where
    B: Default + Extend<Self::Item>,
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Consumes an iterator, creating two collections from it.

fn partition_in_place<'a, T, P>(self, predicate: P) -> usize where
    P: FnMut(&T) -> bool,
    Self: DoubleEndedIterator<Item = &'a mut T>,
    T: 'a, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_partition_in_place)

new API

Reorder the elements of this iterator in-place according to the given predicate, such that all those that return true precede all those that return false. Returns the number of true elements found.

fn is_partitioned<P>(self, predicate: P) -> bool where
    P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_is_partitioned)

new API

Checks if the elements of this iterator are partitioned according to the given predicate, such that all those that return true precede all those that return false.

fn try_fold<B, F, R>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> R where
    F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> R,
    R: Try<Ok = B>, 

An iterator method that applies a function as long as it returns successfully, producing a single, final value.

fn try_for_each<F, R>(&mut self, f: F) -> R where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> R,
    R: Try<Ok = ()>, 

An iterator method that applies a fallible function to each item in the iterator, stopping at the first error and returning that error.

fn fold<B, F>(self, init: B, f: F) -> B where
    F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> B, 

An iterator method that applies a function, producing a single, final value.

fn all<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, 

Tests if every element of the iterator matches a predicate.

fn any<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, 

Tests if any element of the iterator matches a predicate.

fn find<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Searches for an element of an iterator that satisfies a predicate.

fn find_map<B, F>(&mut self, f: F) -> Option<B> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>, 

Applies function to the elements of iterator and returns the first non-none result.

fn position<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<usize> where
    P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, 

Searches for an element in an iterator, returning its index.

fn rposition<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<usize> where
    P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,
    Self: ExactSizeIterator + DoubleEndedIterator, 

Searches for an element in an iterator from the right, returning its index.

fn max(self) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    Self::Item: Ord, 

Returns the maximum element of an iterator.

fn min(self) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    Self::Item: Ord, 

Returns the minimum element of an iterator.

fn max_by_key<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    B: Ord,
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> B, 

Returns the element that gives the maximum value from the specified function.

fn max_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering, 

Returns the element that gives the maximum value with respect to the specified comparison function.

fn min_by_key<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    B: Ord,
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> B, 

Returns the element that gives the minimum value from the specified function.

fn min_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering, 

Returns the element that gives the minimum value with respect to the specified comparison function.

Important traits for Rev<I>

impl<I> Iterator for Rev<I> where
    I: DoubleEndedIterator,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn rev(self) -> Rev<Self> where
    Self: DoubleEndedIterator, 

Reverses an iterator's direction.

fn unzip<A, B, FromA, FromB>(self) -> (FromA, FromB) where
    FromA: Default + Extend<A>,
    FromB: Default + Extend<B>,
    Self: Iterator<Item = (A, B)>, 

Converts an iterator of pairs into a pair of containers.

Important traits for Copied<I>

impl<'a, I, T> Iterator for Copied<I> where
    I: Iterator<Item = &'a T>,
    T: 'a + Copy,  type Item = T;

fn copied<'a, T>(self) -> Copied<Self> where
    Self: Iterator<Item = &'a T>,
    T: 'a + Copy, 

Creates an iterator which copies all of its elements.

Important traits for Cloned<I>

impl<'a, I, T> Iterator for Cloned<I> where
    I: Iterator<Item = &'a T>,
    T: 'a + Clone,  type Item = T;

fn cloned<'a, T>(self) -> Cloned<Self> where
    Self: Iterator<Item = &'a T>,
    T: 'a + Clone, 

Creates an iterator which [clone]s all of its elements.

Important traits for Cycle<I>

impl<I> Iterator for Cycle<I> where
    I: Clone + Iterator,  type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;

fn cycle(self) -> Cycle<Self> where
    Self: Clone, 

Repeats an iterator endlessly.

fn sum<S>(self) -> S where
    S: Sum<Self::Item>, 

Sums the elements of an iterator.

fn product<P>(self) -> P where
    P: Product<Self::Item>, 

Iterates over the entire iterator, multiplying all the elements

fn cmp<I>(self, other: I) -> Ordering where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>,
    Self::Item: Ord, 

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another.

fn partial_cmp<I>(self, other: I) -> Option<Ordering> where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another.

fn eq<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialEq<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are equal to those of another.

fn ne<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialEq<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are unequal to those of another.

fn lt<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically less than those of another.

fn le<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically less or equal to those of another.

fn gt<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically greater than those of another.

fn ge<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically greater than or equal to those of another.

fn is_sorted(self) -> bool where
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<Self::Item>, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (is_sorted)

new API

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted.

fn is_sorted_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Option<Ordering>, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (is_sorted)

new API

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given comparator function.

fn is_sorted_by_key<F, K>(self, f: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> K,
    K: PartialOrd<K>, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (is_sorted)

new API

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given key extraction function.